{"id":1502,"date":"2011-11-09T16:13:19","date_gmt":"2011-11-09T16:13:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gold-silver.biz\/sk\/?page_id=1502"},"modified":"2013-07-15T11:32:19","modified_gmt":"2013-07-15T09:32:19","slug":"historia-diamantov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/o-briliantoch\/historia-diamantov\/","title":{"rendered":"HIST\u00d3RIA DIAMANTOV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diamanty s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie drahokamy a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 pre ich lesk, \u010distotu a\u00a0tvrdos\u0165.\u00a0Hist\u00f3ria diamantov je zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 a\u00a0vzru\u0161uj\u00faca ako samotn\u00fd drahokam. V minulosti sa diamantom prisudzovalo ve\u013ea r\u00f4znych nadprirodzen\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0pova\u017eovali ich za bo\u017esk\u00e9. N\u00e1zov diamant poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0gr\u00e9ckeho slova \u201cada mas\u201c, \u010do znamen\u00e1 nepremo\u017eite\u013en\u00fd, arabsk\u00fd n\u00e1zov je \u201cal mas\u201c, \u010do znamen\u00e1 v\u00a0preklade najtvrd\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0staroindick\u00fd n\u00e1zov je \u201cazira\u201c, \u010do znamen\u00e1 nezni\u010dite\u013en\u00fd.\u00a0Star\u00e9 legendy hovoria, \u017ee zajatcom bola zaru\u010den\u00e1 sloboda, ak sa im podar\u00ed rozbi\u0165 diamant \u2013 \u010do je v skuto\u010dnosti nemo\u017en\u00e9. \u013dudia verili, \u017ee diamanty ich m\u00f4\u017eu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred zlom a stali sa symbolmi l\u00e1sky a\u00a0sily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podstata diamantu bola dlh\u00e9 roky ve\u013ekou z\u00e1hadou, bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za skamenen\u00e9 svetlo, stuhnut\u00e9 iskry, \u010di zmrznut\u00fd ohe\u0148. Nie je ist\u00e9, kedy sa diamanty stali zn\u00e1me. Indick\u00e9 p\u00edsomnosti zo 4. storo\u010dia p.n.l. popisuj\u00fa kamene, ktor\u00e9 vyzerali ako diamanty. Listiny R\u00edmskeho u\u010denca Plinz the Elder potvrdili, \u017ee Rimania u\u017e pred prv\u00fdm storo\u010d\u00edm n.l. pova\u017eovali diamanty za hodnotn\u00e9, boli v\u00fdsadou kr\u00e1\u013eov a\u00a0bohat\u00fdch ob\u010danov. Diamanty sa prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t za\u010dali \u0165a\u017ei\u0165 v\u00a0Indii. Indick\u00e9 diamanty boli transportovan\u00e9 po Hodv\u00e1bnej ceste – starovekej obchodnej ceste, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1jala v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 krajiny s\u00a0R\u00edmskym imp\u00e9riom. Po otvoren\u00ed morsk\u00fdch ciest okolo roku 1400 sa diamanty za\u010dali dost\u00e1va\u0165 do severnej Eur\u00f3py. V\u00a016. storo\u010d\u00ed sa mest\u00e1 ako Ben\u00e1tky, Antwerpy a\u00a0Amsterdam stali centrom spracov\u00e1vania a\u00a0pred\u00e1vania diamantov.\u00a0A\u017e v roku 1649 sa vedcom z Akad\u00e9mie vied vo Florencii podarilo dok\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee sp\u00e1len\u00edm ide o \u010dist\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Diamantmi sa tie\u017e zaoberal v\u00fdznamn\u00fd chemik A. L. Lavoisier, ktor\u00fd okrem in\u00e9ho potvrdil existenciu kysl\u00edka a dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee diamant je uhl\u00edk. Anglick\u00fd chemik Tennant, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1lil diamant v hermeticky uzavretom zlatom puzdre, tie\u017e tvrdil, \u017ee diamant je v podstate uhl\u00edk, rovnako ako grafit,\u00a0\u010di sadze.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u010falej<\/span>ost\u00e1vali diamanty ve\u013emi exkluz\u00edvnym tovar<\/span>om<\/span>kr\u00e1\u013eov a\u00a0\u0161\u013eachty. \u0160\u013eachta nosila diamanty ako prejav bohatstva. V priebehu 15. \u2013 19. storo\u010dia sa do r\u00fak \u0161\u013eachty dostala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch diamantov.<\/span>P\u00f4vodne<\/span>sa diamanty z\u00edskavali najm\u00e4 z\u00a0pieskov\u00fdch naplaven\u00edn v\u00a0Indii, Braz\u00edlii, \u010di Bornea. V\u00fdznamnou udalos\u0165ou bolo objavenie diamantov v\u00a0Ju\u017enej Afrike, ktor\u00e1 sa po roku 1867 stala hlavn\u00fdm svetov\u00fdm dod\u00e1vate\u013eom diamantov. Pr\u00edbeh diamantov v Afrike za\u010d\u00edna v\u00a0roku 1866, kedy farm\u00e1r Schalk van Niekerk spozoroval v ruk\u00e1ch chlapca zo\u00a0susedstva trblietav\u00fd kamienok. Diamant dostal meno Eureka a je vystaven\u00fd v m\u00fazeu v\u00a0Kimberley.\u00a0V\u00a0Ju\u017enej Afrike boli diamanty objaven\u00e9 pri meste Kimberley, z\u00edskavaj\u00fa sa z\u00a0materskej horniny nazvanej kimberlit, v\u00a0ktorej vykry\u0161talizovali pri obrovskom tlaku a\u00a0teplote pred miliardami rokov. Posledn\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy tvrdia, \u017ee diamanty s\u00fa star\u00e9 od 3 a\u017e do 4,5 miliardy rokov. Z\u00a0Ju\u017enej Afriky poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie diamanty v\u00a0hist\u00f3rii.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Diamantov\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka<\/em><\/h2>\n

V\u00a0roku 1870 boli otvoren\u00e9 prv\u00e9 bane na diamanty v\u00a0Ju\u017enej Afrike, h\u013eada\u010di diamantov za\u010dali prich\u00e1dza\u0165 do tejto oblasti v\u00a0takej miere, \u017ee to mo\u017eno prirovna\u0165 k\u00a0zlatej hor\u00fa\u010dke v\u00a0Kalifornii.
\nAfrick\u00e9 diamantov\u00e9 bane za\u010dali z\u00e1sobova\u0165 cel\u00fd svet\u00a0neopracovan\u00fdmi diamantmi. S\u00a0rast\u00facim trhom s\u00a0diamantmi zosilnela aj stredn\u00e1 vrstva obyvate\u013estva, vznikali dielne na opracovanie diamantov a\u00a0nov\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 centr\u00e1 v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch po celom svete. V\u010faka nov\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m boli dosahovan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 tvary diamantov, \u010do prispelo k\u00a0ich v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu predaju.
\nPrirodzene do\u0161lo na trhu s\u00a0diamantmi ku konkuren\u010dn\u00e9mu boju o\u00a0kontrolu nad trhom, z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0diamantov\u00fd priemysel vzr\u00e1stol. V\u00a0roku 1940 sa jedna spolo\u010dnos\u0165 objavila na trhu ako dominantn\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0165a\u017ebe a\u00a0obchodovan\u00ed s\u00a0diamantmi a\u00a0fr\u00e1za \u201eDiamanty trvaj\u00fa naveky\u201c sa stala svetozn\u00e1mou.<\/span> Odvtedy sa diamantov\u00fd prste\u0148 stal neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou z\u00e1snub ako symbolu nav\u017edy trvaj\u00facej l\u00e1sky.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diamanty s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie drahokamy a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 pre ich lesk, \u010distotu a\u00a0tvrdos\u0165.\u00a0Hist\u00f3ria diamantov je zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 a\u00a0vzru\u0161uj\u00faca ako samotn\u00fd drahokam. V minulosti sa diamantom prisudzovalo ve\u013ea r\u00f4znych nadprirodzen\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0pova\u017eovali … <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1496,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1502"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2413,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1502\/revisions\/2413"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}