{"id":1498,"date":"2011-11-09T16:08:55","date_gmt":"2011-11-09T16:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gold-silver.biz\/sk\/?page_id=1498"},"modified":"2013-07-15T11:37:07","modified_gmt":"2013-07-15T09:37:07","slug":"o-diamantoch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/o-briliantoch\/o-diamantoch\/","title":{"rendered":"O DIAMANTOCH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti diamantov<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rok objavenia: starovek<\/p>\n

Kry\u0161talick\u00e1 s\u00fastava: kubick\u00e1<\/p>\n

Farba: bezfarebn\u00fd, biely, modrast\u00fd, \u017eltkast\u00fd, zelen\u00fd, \u010derven\u00fd, hnedast\u00fd…<\/p>\n

Lesk: diamantov\u00fd<\/p>\n

Hustota: 3,5 – 3,53 kg\/dm3<\/p>\n

Lom: nerovn\u00fd<\/p>\n

Diamant je prieh\u013eadn\u00fd kry\u0161t\u00e1l \u010dist\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. V\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti diamantu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa jeho pou\u017eitie na r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dely. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie z t\u00fdchto vlastnost\u00ed s\u00fa mimoriadna tvrdos\u0165 a vysok\u00e1 disperzia svetla. Tieto dve vlastnosti s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny modern\u00fdch pou\u017eit\u00ed diamantu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara<\/h2>\n

<\/strong>Diamanty kry\u0161talizuj\u00fa v kubickej kry\u0161talickej mrie\u017eke a obsahuj\u00fa at\u00f3mov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby v tvare \u0161tvorstenu.<\/p>\n

Tvrdos\u0165: <\/strong>diamant\u00a0je najtvrd\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edrodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. M\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161iu tvrdos\u0165 10 v Mohsovej stupnici tvrdosti. V r\u00f4znych testoch dosahuje absol\u00fatnu tvrdos\u0165 v rozmedz\u00ed 167 a\u017e 231 gigapascalov. Tvrdos\u0165 diamantu bola zn\u00e1ma od antick\u00fdch \u010dias, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza jeho meno. \u0160irok\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie diamantu je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jeho v\u00fdnimo\u010dnej tvrdosti. Diamant mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na le\u0161tenie a rezanie \u013eubovo\u013en\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, vr\u00e1tane in\u00fdch diamantov. Tvrdos\u0165 diamantu tie\u017e prispieva k tomu, \u017ee je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd ako drahokam. Preto\u017ee je ho mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kraba\u0165 iba in\u00fdm diamantom, dlho si zachov\u00e1va leskl\u00fd povrch aj pri dennom nosen\u00ed. Preto sa v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva na z\u00e1snubn\u00fdch a svadobn\u00fdch obr\u00fa\u010dkach, ktor\u00e9 sa nosia ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.<\/p>\n

Krehkos\u0165<\/strong>: aj ke\u010f je diamant ve\u013emi tvrd\u00fd, teda odoln\u00fd vo\u010di po\u0161krabaniu, m\u00e1 priemern\u00fa krehkos\u0165. Krehkos\u0165 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa ako materi\u00e1l \u013eahko rozbije siln\u00fdm n\u00e1razom. Krehkos\u0165 diamantu, rovnako ako in\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od makroskopickej geometrie. Diamanty niektor\u00fdch tvarov sa preto \u013eah\u0161ie roz\u0161tiepia ako in\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Farba:<\/strong> diamanty sa vyskytuj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych prieh\u013eadn\u00fdch farebn\u00fdch odtie\u0148och ako bezfarebn\u00e9, biele, siv\u00e9, modr\u00e9, \u017elt\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9, \u010derven\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, ru\u017eov\u00e9, hned\u00e9, pr\u00edpadne \u010dierne. Zafarbenie diamantov je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 pr\u00edmesami alebo poruchami v \u0161trukt\u00fare. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edmes\u00ed nahr\u00e1dza at\u00f3my uhl\u00edka v kry\u0161talickej mrie\u017eke. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ia pr\u00edmes je dus\u00edk sp\u00f4sobuj\u00faci \u017elt\u00e9 alebo hnedast\u00e9 zafarbenie diamantu.<\/p>\n

Termodynamick\u00e1 stabilita<\/strong>: v\u010faka ve\u013ekej energetickej bari\u00e9re s\u00fa diamanty metastabiln\u00e9, teda za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed by ich rozklad na grafit trval ve\u013emi dlh\u00fd \u010das \/mo\u017eno dlh\u0161ie ako vek vesm\u00edru\/. Diamanty horia pri teplot\u00e1ch nad 800 C pri dostato\u010dnom pr\u00edstupe kysl\u00edka. Horenie diamantov bolo preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9 koncom 18.storo\u010dia, ale zmienky sa datuj\u00fa u\u017e od \u010dias star\u00e9ho R\u00edma.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti diamantov Rok objavenia: starovek Kry\u0161talick\u00e1 s\u00fastava: kubick\u00e1 Farba: bezfarebn\u00fd, biely, modrast\u00fd, \u017eltkast\u00fd, zelen\u00fd, \u010derven\u00fd, hnedast\u00fd… Lesk: diamantov\u00fd Hustota: 3,5 – 3,53 kg\/dm3 Lom: nerovn\u00fd Diamant … <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1496,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1498"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1498"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1521,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1498\/revisions\/1521"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/investicnyblog.sk\/gsi\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}